Fig. 3. Evaluation of BMP-2 expression. In normogravity conditions, a significant increase in BMP-2 expression in primary cultures of CTRL patients (102.2 ± 6.5) compared to those of OA (94.2 ± 3.4) and OP (11.8 ± 2.4) patients was observed (CTRL vs OP and OA vs OP, p<0.0001). In simulated microgravity conditions, a significant increase in BMP-2 expression in all experimental groups (CTRL 212.8 ± 17.9 vs OA 191.9 ± 3.8 vs OP 93.6 ± 4.8) was observed (CTRL vs OP and OA vs OP, p<0.0001). Note that a significant statistical difference was reported between the two CTRL groups (p<0.0001), the two OA groups (p<0.0001), and the two OP groups (p<0.0001). For each patient, the experiment was conducted in triplicate (n=27/group).